Gesenius also thought the term referred to the object, and emended the name to עזלזל utter removal, theoretically the name of a demon. Leviticus 16:6–10, New Revised Standard VersionĪ b'raita, apparently interpreting azazel as az (rugged) + el (of God), understands it to refer to the rugged and rough mountain cliff from which the goat was cast down. Aaron shall present the goat on which the lot fell for the Lord, and offer it as a sin offering but the goat on which the lot fell for Azazel shall be presented alive before the Lord to make atonement over it, that it may be sent away into the wilderness to Azazel. He shall take the two goats and set them before the Lord at the entrance of the tent of meeting and Aaron shall cast lots on the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for Azazel. In older English versions, such as the King James Version, the phrase la-azazel is translated as "as a scapegoat" however, in most modern English Bible translations, it is represented as a name in the text:Īaron shall offer the bull as a sin offering for himself, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. The scapegoat ritual can be traced back to 24th century BC Ebla, from where it spread throughout the ancient Near East.
This goat was then cast out in the desert as part of Yom Kippur. One goat is selected by lot and sent into the wilderness לַעֲזָאזֵל, "for Azazel". In the Hebrew Bible, the term is used three times in Leviticus 16, where two male goats were to be sacrificed to Yahweh and one of the two was selected by lot, for Yahweh is seen as speaking through the lots.
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